Nyt israelilaiet kirjoittavat propionaatista:
https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israeli-US-study-finds-link-between-food-additive-and-obesity-diabetes-587972
Israeli and U.S. scientists discover link between propionate and diabetes
When researchers gave the mice an equal amount of propionate to that used in a serving of food, the mice gained weight and developed a resistance to insulin.
By Eytan Halon
April 28, 2019 00:19
Today, diabetes affects more than 400 million adults worldwide, and the figure is expected to soar to more than 640 million by 2040. Growing attention is being paid to external factors such as diet and the environment to explain the increase.
...
Minun mielestäni tämä propio0naattikohta pitäisi oiakista sekä dieettiä modifioimalla että mahdolliset metaboliset esteet ( b12- vaikutuksen puuttuminen ja siihen liittyvät häiriöt) , muut sitruunahapposykliä vaikeuttavat seikat tässä propionaatin portissa.
Sellaiset propionihapot dieetissä, jotka eivät voi aktivoitua ja siirtyä metaboliseen tiehen.
Propionaatin imeytyminen mikrobiomiperäisistä lähseistä - tämän asian kartoitus.
propionaatin siirtyminen varastorasvaan: liikunnan optimointi. Miten palautata näitä kovia rasvoja energiatielle sen sijaan että BMI ja nousee yli 27, jolloin on insuliiniresistenssi alkanut.
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% [5] (though animal feed may contain up to 1%). Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.[6]
A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem,[7] but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.[citation needed] Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.[8]
Activation of propionate:
Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Carboxylation of activated propionate to D-MMA-CoA:
Isomerization to L-MMA CoA
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
Epimerization to Succinyl-CoA with the help of enzyme and CoEnzyme B12.
Incorporation to Citric Acid Cycle. A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.
Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).[9]
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.[10]
Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.[11]
In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.[12]
Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1705.
Codex Alimentarius data for calcium propanoate Archived 2006-10-21 at the Wayback Machine
Center
for Food and Nutrition Policy review of use of calcium propanoate as an
organic agent in cow feed and as milk fever prevention
"Ingredients -- Calcium propionate". Retrieved 2007-03-10.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-02
"Keeping molds, bacteria at bay". Retrieved 2007-03-24.
Furia, T. E. (1973). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. CRC Handbook of Food Additives. CRC Press.
Furia, T. E. (1973). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. CRC Handbook of Food Additives. CRC Press.
S. Dengate; A. Rubin (2002). "Controlled trial of cumulative behavioural effects of a common bread preservative". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 38 (4): 373–376. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00009.x.
D.
F. MacFabe; D. P. Cain; K. Rodriguez-Capote; A. E. Franklin; J. E.
Hoffman; F. Boon; A. R. Taylor; M. Kavaliers; K.-P. Ossenkopp (2007).
"Neurobiological effects of intraventricular propionic acid in rats:
Possible role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA( on the pathogenesis and
characteristics of autism spectrum disorders". Behavioural Brain Research. 176 (1): 149–169. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.025.
OPP PESTICIDE ECOTOXICITY DATABASE - Details - Pesticide: Calcium propionate". EPA / USDA / NIFA.
- HAKUSANA 28.4. 2019 "Propionate in food additives"
Calcium propanoate
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Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2. It is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of
products, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods,
processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.[2] In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement [3]
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like
benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an
acidic environment.[4]
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Calcium propanoate
| |
| Other names
Calcium propionate
Calcium dipropionate Mycoban | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.021.633 |
| EC Number | 223-795-8 |
| E number | E282 (preservatives) |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
|
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| Properties | |
| C6H10CaO4 | |
| Molar mass | 186.2192 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid |
| 49 g/100 mL (0 °C) 55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol insoluble in acetone, benzene |
| Structure | |
| monoclinic | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
 verify (what is   ?)
| |
| Infobox references | |
Uses
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% [5] (though animal feed may contain up to 1%). Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.[6]
A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem,[7] but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.[citation needed] Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.[8]
Activation of propionate:
Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Carboxylation of activated propionate to D-MMA-CoA:
Isomerization to L-MMA CoA
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
Epimerization to Succinyl-CoA with the help of enzyme and CoEnzyme B12.
Incorporation to Citric Acid Cycle. A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.
Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).[9]
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.[10]
Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.[11]
In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.[12]
References
- Biggs, A. R.; El-Kholi, M. M.; El-Neshawy, S.; Nickerson, R. (1997). "Effects of Calcium Salts on Growth, Polygalacturonase Activity, and Infection of Peach Fruit by Monilinia fructicola". Plant Disease. 81 (4): 399. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.399.
External links
www.fao.org/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?d...o=2&id...
Calcium propionate is a food additive that is included in Table 3, and as such
may be used in the following foods under the conditions of good manufacturing ...
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